SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions

Hannam, Ian.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water management; Land management; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; China; Laos; Bangladesh; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52970

Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe; Schilizzi, Steven.

We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.

A Paradox for Agro-Environmental Land Policy

Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Plus: assessment method; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100885

Hennessy, David A.; Feng, Hongli.

A regulator with a fixed budget to spend on securing environmental benefits from farmed land has to choose between how many acres to enroll and the extent of benefits to require of each enrolled acre. Here we consider, given heterogeneous land, what properties of the environmental benefit-to-cost ratio imply for the choice of optimal program as the available budget varies. Conditions are found such that a program of high benefits on few acres is preferred for any budget level. It is also possible that a program delivering low benefits per acre at low cost is preferred on each land type, and yet a high benefit program is optimal policy, a variant of Simpson’s paradox.

A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism

Palavras-chave: Benefit-to-cost ratio; Environmental policy; Land heterogeneity; Simpson’s paradox.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53934

Oates, Wallace E..

This paper provides a review and assessment of the debate over environmental federalism-the issue of the roles of different levels of government in environmental management. The paper begins with the presentation of three benchmark cases that provide a framework for thinking about the issue. It then offers a review, first of the theoretical literature and second of some new, provocative empirical literature on the race to the bottom. The paper contends that there remains, under certain circumstances, an important role for decentralized government in the setting of environmental standards and the design of regulatory programs. The central government, in addition to setting standards for "national" pollutants, has a fundamental contribution to make in...

ACCOUNTING FOR SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHEDS IN EVALUATING WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLICIES

Palavras-chave: Environmental federalism; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H1; H7.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10460

Qiu, Zeyuan; Prato, Anthony A..

This study evaluates three agricultural nonpoint pollution abatement policies: regulating the spatial pattern of agricultural activities, ambient tax, and abatement tax/subsidy. All three policies incorporate spatial characteristics of agricultural emission loading and movement for an agricultural watershed in the Midwest. The effects of spatial variation in natural conditions and landscape features on agricultural emissions and crop yield are evaluated using a newly developed biophysical simulation model and experimental data. While the policies are equally cost effective in reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution, their implementation feasibility is quite different.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Environmental policy; Nonpoint pollution; Simulation; Watershed management; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15135

Achieving ecological restoration by working with local people: a Chinese scholar seeks win-win paths

Ecology and Society

Zheng, Heran; College of Economic Management, Beijing Forestry University; zhengheran@foxmail.com; Wang, Guosheng; China Law Society; gshwang@126.com.

Environmental degradation and poverty are linked, and this means that conservation and poverty reduction must be tackled together. However, finding a successful integrated strategy has been an elusive goal. We describe the career of a Chinese scholar, Shixiong Cao, whose persistent efforts to find and follow win-win paths have led to ecological restoration accompanied by long-term benefits for local residents. Cao’s story illustrates how development that combines environmental and economic perspectives can both help people to escape the poverty trap and restore degraded environments. His experience demonstrates that when environmental managers find solutions that can mitigate or eliminate poverty through the development of green enterprises, they...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article

Palavras-chave: Environmental conservation; Environmental policy; Poverty trap; Scientific philosophy; Socioeconomic development.

Ano: 2014

Adaptation to Climate Change in the Developing World

OceanDocs

Huq, S.; Adger, W.N.; Brown, K.; Hulme, M..

The world’s climate is changing and will continue to change into the coming century at rates projected to be unprecedented in recent human history. The risks associated with these changes are real but highly uncertain. Societal vulnerability to the risks associated with climate change may exacerbate ongoing social and economic challenges, particularly for those parts of societies dependent on resources that are sensitive to changes in climate. Risks are apparent in agriculture, fisheries and many other components that constitute the livelihood of rural populations in developing countries. In this paper we explore the nature of risk and vulnerability in the context of climate change and review the evidence on present-day adaptation in developing countries...

Tipo: Journal Contribution

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Vulnerability; Climate change; Environmental policy; Developing countries; Climate change; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35367.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/833

Addressing Marine and Coastal Governance Conflicts at the Interface of Multiple Sectors and Jurisdictions

ArchiMer

Bellanger, Manuel; Speir, Cameron; Blanchard, Fabian; Brooks, Kate; Butler, James R. A.; Crosson, Scott; Fonner, Robert; Gourguet, Sophie; Holland, Daniel S.; Kuikka, Sakari; Le Gallic, Bertrand; Lent, Rebecca; Libecap, Gary D.; Lipton, Douglas W.; Nayak, Prateep Kumar; Reid, David; Scemama, Pierre; Stephenson, Robert; Thébaud, Olivier; Young, Juliette C..

Marine and coastal activities are closely interrelated, and conflicts among different sectors can undermine management and conservation objectives. Governance systems for fisheries, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, marine biodiversity conservation, and other coastal and maritime activities are typically organized to manage conflicts within sectors, rather than across them. Based on the discussions around eight case studies presented at a workshop held in Brest in June 2019, this paper explores institutional approaches to move beyond managing conflicts within a sector. We primarily focus on cases where the groups and sectors involved are heterogeneous in terms of: the jurisdiction they fall under; their objectives; and the way they value ecosystem...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Trade-offs; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services; Cross-sectoral coordination; Marine governance; Multi-jurisdictional conflicts; Institutions; Environmental policy.

Ano: 2020

URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76376/77383.pdf

Agri-Environmental Policy at the Crossroads: Guideposts on a Changing Landscape

Claassen, Roger; Hansen, LeRoy T.; Peters, Mark; Breneman, Vincent E.; Weinberg, Marca; Cattaneo, Andrea; Feather, Peter; Gadsby, Dwight M.; Hellerstein, Daniel; Hopkins, Jeffrey W.; Johnston, Paul V.; Morehart, Mitchell J.; Smith, Mark.

Agri-environmental policy is at a crossroads. Over the past 20 years, a wide range of policies addressing the environmental implications of agricultural production have been implemented at the Federal level. Those policies have played an important role in reducing soil erosion, protecting and restoring wetlands, and creating wildlife habitat. However, emerging agri-environmental issues, evolution of farm income support policies, and limits imposed by trade agreements may point toward a rethinking of agri-environmental policy. This report identifies the types of policy tools available and the design features that have improved the effectiveness of current programs. It provides an indepth analysis of one policy tool that may be an important component of a...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Policy instruments; Agricultural program design; Soil erosion; Nitrogen runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33983

Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options

Shih, Jhih-Shyang; Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Siikamaki, Juha.

The animal husbandry industry is a major emitter of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. The industry is also a major emitter of ammonia, which is a precursor of fine particulate matter, arguably the number-one environment-related public health threat facing the nation. We present an integrated process model of the engineering economics of technologies to reduce methane and ammonia emissions at dairy operations in California. Three policy options are explored: greenhouse gas offset credits for methane control, particulate matter offset credits for ammonia control, and expanded net metering policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these policies appears to be sufficient to...

An Empirical Analysis of Stakeholders’ Influence on Policy Development: the Role of Uncertainty Handling

Palavras-chave: Methane; Ammonia; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Offset; Particulate matter; Net metering; Environmental policy; CAFO; Manure management; Biodigester; Electricity; Global warming; Cost-benefit; Incentive approach; Livestock Production/Industries; Q2; Q4; Q53.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10749

Ecology and Society

Bijlsma, Rianne M.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; Deltares, The Netherlands; r.m.bijlsma@alumnus.utwente.nl; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Cemagref (UMR G-EAU); University of Delft, The Netherlands; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Wolters, Henk A.; Deltares, The Netherlands; henk.wolters@deltares.nl; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; a.y.hoekstra@utwente.nl.

Stakeholder participation is advocated widely, but there is little structured, empirical research into its influence on policy development. We aim to further the insight into the characteristics of participatory policy development by comparing it to expert-based policy development for the same case. We describe the process of problem framing and analysis, as well as the knowledge base used. We apply an uncertainty perspective to reveal differences between the approaches and speculate about possible explanations. We view policy development as a continuous handling of substantive uncertainty and process uncertainty, and investigate how the methods of handling uncertainty of actors influence the policy development. Our findings suggest that the wider frame...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Framing; Participation; Policy development; Policy process; Stakeholder involvement; Uncertainty.

Ano: 2011

Assessing the environmental externalities from biofuels in Australia

Cuevas-Cubria, Clara.

In Australia, as in other countries, the environmental costs and benefits of biofuel production and use have been found to vary greatly according to the production method and feedstocks used. In general, the use of biodiesel produced in Australia has been found to provide greater environmental benefits than ethanol, both in terms of reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduced air pollutant emissions. In this paper, estimates of GHG and air pollutant emissions arising from biofuels and petroleum fuels production and use are employed to calculate the change in environmental externalities when substituting biofuels for petroleum fuels in Australia. These estimates of externalities highlight the need to better understand the environmental implications...

AUCTIONING OUTCOME-BASED CONSERVATION CONTRACTS

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental policy; Greenhouse gas emissions; Air pollutants; Externalities; Australia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47624

Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe; Schilizzi, Steven; Breustedt, Gunnar.

This paper explores two ideas to enhance the performance of agri-environmental contracting schemes: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and putting the contracts up for tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the benefits of both approaches. Controlled lab experiments were run in two countries, systematically varying the rate at which payments are linked to environmental outcomes. This paper clarifies the conditions under which the benefits from combining tenders with incentive payments outweigh the costs.

Buying Ecological Services: Nature’s Harmonies, Fragmented Reserves and the Agricultural Extensification Debate

Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Auktionen; Ausschreibungsverfahren; Agrar-Umweltverträge; Agrar-Umweltpolitik; Anreizverträge; Experimentelle Ökonomie; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Political Economy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114523

Hennessy, David A.; Lapan, Harvey E..

Growing demand for cropland products has placed intense pressure on the ability of land resources to support nature, straining public budgets to purchase environmental goods. Fixing overall agricultural output, two policy options are whether to promote more extensive and nature friendly farming practices or to produce intensively on some land and leave the rest wild. Microeconomic models of the topic have not accommodated widely recognized complementary spatial externalities in providing ecological services. This article does so, identifying also a third policy possibility. This is that environmental services can follow a smoothly varying spatial path characterized by harmonic functions.

Changing the direction of environmental investment in Australia: Learnings from implementing INFFER

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental policy; Spatial externalities; Wirtinger’s inequality.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45171

Marsh, Sally P.; Curatolo, April; Pannell, David J.; Park, Geoff; Roberts, Anna M.; Alexander, Jennifer.

Investment in natural resource management (NRM) by regional organisations in Australia has been widely criticised for failing to achieve substantial environmental outcomes. The Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) is a tool for developing and prioritising projects to address environmental issues such as water quality, biodiversity decline, environmental pest impacts and land degradation. INFFER is an asset-based, targeted, and outcome-focussed approach to environmental investment, and as such is a very different and more rigorous approach to prioritising possible environmental projects than used previously by most catchment management organisations (CMOs) in Australia. From 2008 to 2010 INFFER has been trialled with CMOs. Evaluation...

Comparative Costs and Conservation Policies for the Survival of the Oranutan and Other Species: Includes an Example

Palavras-chave: NRM investment planning; NRM investment prioritisation; Regional catchment management organisations; NRM policy; Environmental planning; Environmental prioritisation; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q50; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100584

Tisdell, Clement A.; Swarna Nantha, Hemanath.

The extent to which conservation is feasible is constrained by budgets and the financial sacrifice stakeholders are willing to bear. Therefore a possible objective for conserving a species is to minimise the cost of achieving that stated aim. For example, if a minimum viable population (MVP) of a species is to be conserved, the size and type of habitats reserved for this could be selected to minimise cost. This requires consideration of the comparative (relative) opportunity costs of reserving different land types for conservation. A general model is developed to demonstrate this and is applied to the case of the orangutan. In the ecological literature, recommendations for reserving different types of land for conservation have been based on comparisons of...

Comparison at Dairy Farm Level of Different Policies to Decrease Nutrient Losses to Ground and Surface Waters in the Netherlands

Palavras-chave: Comparative costs; Conservation in situ; Costs of conservation; Environmental policy; Minimum viable populations; Opportunity costs; Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q13; Q57; Q58..

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90466

Berentsen, Paul B.M..

This paper describes and compares two governmental policies that aim to decrease nutrient losses from farming to ground and surface waters in the Netherlands. The mineral bookkeeping system (MINAS) is the first policy. It is applied in the Netherlands since 1998 and it is based on a farm gate balance approach. This national policy was definitely rejected on October 2, 2003 by the EU Court of Justice as it was considered not to comply fully with the EU Nitrate Directive. Consequently, the Netherlands developed the Application Standards Policy (ASP) based on a soil balance approach which will replace MINAS starting 2006. Especially for dairy farming, that combines plant and animal production, nutrient input and output at soil level are hard to determine as...

Controlling Urban Air Pollution Caused by Households: Uncertainty, Prices, and Income

Palavras-chave: Dairy farming; Nutrient losses; Environmental policy; Nitrate directive; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24290

Chavez, Carlos A.; Stranlund, John K.; Gomez, Walter.

We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world. Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for...

Coproductive capacities: rethinking science-governance relations in a diverse world

Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Urban air pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; H23; Q28.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93964

Ecology and Society

van Kerkhoff, Lorrae E.; The Australian National University; lorrae.vankerkhoff@anu.edu.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; llebel@loxinfo.co.th.

Tackling major environmental change issues requires effective partnerships between science and governance, but relatively little work in this area has examined the diversity of settings from which such partnerships may, or may not, emerge. In this special feature we draw on experiences from around the world to demonstrate and investigate the consequences of diverse capacities and capabilities in bringing science and governance together. We propose the concept of coproductive capacities as a useful new lens through which to examine these relations. Coproductive capacity is “the combination of scientific resources and governance capability that shapes the extent to which a society, at various levels, can operationalize relationships between...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Capacity development; Coproduction; Environmental governance; Environmental policy; Knowledge; Scale; Science-policy interface; Sustainable development.

Ano: 2015

Developing a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large scale environmental regulations

Berck, Peter; Hess, Peter.

This paper explains the development and implementation of a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large-scale environmental regulations. The development process began with a literature review surveying channels through which environmental regulations might influence economic performance. Avenues deemed suitable were incorporated into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the California economy. This model is based on the California Department of Finance's Dynamic Revenue Analysis Model (DRAM). Modifications to DRAM for the current project include a revised sectoring scheme that features industries of particular regulatory interest, revamped data matrices that accommodate this new sectoring scheme, a new air pollution module,...